Colour
Every Vinner Labs guide filed under colour: 11 articles, newest first.
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How to read a CI number: the colourant's passport
What the five-digit Colour Index number encodes, why EU regulators reference it over trade names, and how organic and inorganic ranges sort at a glance.
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Aromatic chemistry: an introduction
What makes a ring aromatic, Hückel's 4n+2 rule, how aromatic compounds behave, and why almost every organic UV filter is built on an aromatic core.
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CC, BB and DD creams: cosmetic product components and categories
The main cosmetic categories, the functional ingredients every formula needs, and what distinguishes BB, CC and DD creams from one another.
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FD&C colors: an introduction
What the FD&C designation means, how it differs from D&C and External D&C, what "lake" indicates, and where the certified colour list lives in US law.
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FD&C colors: why approved colours are better
The commercial and regulatory case for certified colour additives: who regulates them where, what batch certification buys you, and what unapproved colour costs.
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The importance of inclusive shade ranges in cosmetics
Why a broad shade range is a formulation problem before it is a marketing one: undertones, iron oxide ratios, titanium dioxide flashback and pigment load.
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Industrial dyes and pigments: usage in several industries
What separates a dye from a pigment, and how that difference decides which one gets used in textiles, construction, coatings and packaging.
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Industrial dyes and pigments used in consumer appliances
How appliance makers colour plastics (masterbatch, compound, liquid and dry colour) and why UV stabilisers and surface finish do jobs colour cannot.
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Industrial dyes in textile industry
The main textile dye classes (direct, acid, basic, reactive, disperse, vat and mordant), which fibres each one bonds to, and why the pairing is not interchangeable.
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The influence of cosmetics on modern life, and the safety of colouring agents
How colourants are classified, what regulatory approval establishes, and why "natural" is a claim about origin rather than about safety.
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The benefits of using FD&C colors
What certified FD&C colours offer over uncertified alternatives: verified identity, batch traceability, reproducible shade, and clear permitted-use boundaries.